Limitations Of Anaerobic Power In Children Physical Education Essay

Constraints Of Anaerobic Power In Children Physical Education Essay There has been an expanding number of kids and teenagers that are including in opposition preparing for anaerobic force in schools, wellness focuses, and sports preparing offices. Notwithstanding expanding solid quality and force, customary exercise action in pediatric obstruction preparing might be helpful. It can impact on ones body arrangement, bone wellbeing, and decrease the danger of game related wounds. Obstruction preparing is focused to improve low wellness levels and helpless trunk quality just as improve wellbeing and wellness advantages to youthful competitors. Pediatric opposition preparing programs should be very much structured and regulated by qualified experts who comprehend the physical and psychosocial uniqueness of youngsters and teenagers. The diverse preparing techniques alongside the movement of the program after some time ought to be testing and charming for the kids. Presentation Anaerobic force is vitality that is put away in muscles as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and can be gotten to without the utilization of oxygen. There are two frameworks that direct this sort of intensity which are the phosphagen framework and the lactic corrosive framework. Individuals utilize this type of vitality in short blasts that can't be continued for no longer than around two minutes. The main phase of the anaerobic force is adenosine triphosphate phospho-creatine (ATP-PC), which just supplies vitality for around one to six seconds, after that the phosphagen framework happens, and afterward the lactic corrosive framework or glycolytic framework, which starts by delivering vitality by separating sugars. While these frameworks are running, the body is utilizing more vitality than it can renew, which may prompt squeezing, exhaustion, and lactic corrosive development rapidly. People should prepare to improve their anaerobic force by building their ability to utilize power framew orks that don't require oxygen. Estimating Anaerobic Power For immaturity, anaerobic limit can be estimated by utilizing the Wingate test. In this test, an individual pedals a precisely slowed down bike for thirty seconds as quick as could be expected under the circumstances, and a flywheel is utilized to check upheavals. Testing a people limit as often as possible guarantees that their exercise schedules are improving their capacities. Direct estimations of the rate or limit of anaerobic pathways for vitality turnover presents a few moral and methodological challenges. In this manner, instead of estimating vitality gracefully, pediatric exercise researchers have focused on estimating momentary force yield by methods for normalized convention tests, for example, transient cycling power tests, running tests, or vertical bounce tests. In any case, it is conceivable to quantify by finding the degrees of lactate on the pre-test and post-test stages just as the people indispensable limit. The degree of lactate in blood (mmol per liter) is estimat ed as per a convention that thinks about the examination of a 3mL example of blood, utilizing the calorimetric strategy and a lactate analyzer photometer (1). Crucial limit can be estimated utilizing a spirometer to quantify the greatest measure of air that can be forcedly breath from the lungs after a most extreme motivation (1). Concerning youngsters, discoveries have been accounted for by estimating mechanical power or force yield records during supported isometric maximal constrictions or rehashed episodes of high-force dynamic activities (2). There is no ideal test, yet it is critical to recognize the advantages and impediments of each testing or preparing strategy. Be that as it may, metabolic adjustments during exercise in kids and youths have been once in a while examined utilizing muscle biopsies, radioactive materials or blood vessel catheters. This is expected to the intrusiveness of these methods. Morally for kids, estimations must be moderately non-intrusive, and positively should convey insignificant or no hazard to wellbeing (2). Advantages Safe preparing can offer numerous advantages for kids and teenagers when it is appropriately endorsed and observed. The potential advantages would be an expansion in muscle quality, muscle power, nearby muscle perseverance, upgraded engine aptitude and sports execution; likewise an improvement in bone mineral thickness, body structure, insulin affectability, and blood lipid profile just as a decreased danger of game related wounds (3). Likewise, research presumes that caffeine is by all accounts ergogenic during high-power practices and has impact on obstruction preparing. High-power practice is by all accounts positive influenced (for example running, run cycling power) with philosophies utilizing conventions that copy sport exercises (for example 4-6 seconds) (4). Caffeine is by all accounts useful for competitors in sports, for example, soccer, rugby, lacrosse, and football (4). Confinements of Anaerobic Power There are confinements when preparing for anaerobic force. During youth, youngsters have a juvenile musculoskeletal framework, which is fundamentally not quite the same as the develop framework. When estimating, testing, or preparing for anaerobic force, it is imperative to perceive the impediments of the youthful musculoskeletal framework when planning preparing programs by adjusting rules for sports and assessing intense and sub intense wounds. The explanation being of restrictions is a direct result of the high dangers of kids harming themselves by exaggerating their muscles during substantial weight preparing. Dangers and Concerns Since anaerobic force includes touchy developments, there are a few dangers and worries that one must think about. Macrotrauma is a quick and unexpected physical issue brought about by a significant power of activity. For instance, the injury could be because of a fall or hit during physical movement. Â Macrotrauma can cause wounds, for example, breaks, injuries of tendons, muscle strains, and bruises.â Also, there are dangers of microtrauma, which is because of a redundant physical issue over an extensive stretch of time. Sorts of wounds incorporate pressure breaks and numerous different disorder. Macrotrauma can happen when acting in sorted out games or during free play, and avoidance of wounds requires satisfactory oversight, proper coordinating of contenders, and change of rules too. Additionally, there are worries about youth safe preparing because of the way that there is possible injury to the physis or development plate in a youthful lifters body (3). Notwithstanding, the hazard levels for teenagers is somewhat littler, which is the reason they can contend successfully and securely in anaerobic occasions and rivalry with management and direction that is receptive to their one of a kind musculoskeletal. Rules for pediatric safe preparing ought to be followed for the wellbeing of the youngsters from genuine wounds. Preparing for Anaerobic Power For youngsters, it is recommended that children ought not put a great deal of pressure or over pressure their bodies with regards to weight preparing. Masters accept that sports, for example, olympic style sports (toss and hop occasions), b-ball and volleyball (vertical bounce) incorporate anaerobic force for kids when force preparing. With respect to puberty, they can do an increasingly thought and altered preparing for anaerobic force, for example, plyometrics, ballistics, dangerous quality preparing, and overwhelming quality preparing. Despite the fact that there is no base age necessity at which youngsters can begin to safe train, all members must be intellectually and truly prepared to consent to training directions and experience the pressure of a preparation program and if a kid is prepared for support in sport exercises (for the most part age 7 or 8), at that point the individual in question is prepared for some kind of safe preparing (3). When planning safe preparing program s for youthful competitors, the intense program structure factors that ought to be viewed as when structuring pediatric safe preparing programs incorporate 1) warm-up and chill off, 2) choice and request of activity, 3) preparing power and volume, 4) rest spans among sets and activities, and 5) reiteration speed (3). The warm-up and chill off is intended to assess center internal heat level, upgrade engine unit sensitivity, improve sensation mindfulness, and augment dynamic scopes of movement (3). In determination and request of activity, the individual must beginning with straightforward activities and slowly progress to further developed exercises. Preparing force and volume is alluded to as the measure of opposition utilized and aggregate sum worked during an instructional course. With respect to rest spans among sets and activities, 2-3 minutes are suggested for grown-up lifters. Be that as it may, youngsters and youths can oppose exhaustion indeed, which gives them a brief rest span when playing out a moderate-power opposition practice action. In redundancy speed, as youth increment development speed during preparing, it is important that specialized presentation of each activity is aced before advancing to further developed developments (3). Youngster and Adult Differences As indicated by research, it is said that kids can oppose exhaustion better than grown-ups during one or a few rehashed high-force practice sessions (2). During development and improvement, mass-related momentary force yield increments drastically, and the expansion in top blood lactate becomes lower. Grown-ups who complete arduous exercise are generally depleted and need a few hours to recoup from their exertion. Interestingly, youngsters frequently solicitation to rehash high-force practices 15-30 minutes after their finishing since they imagine that they could improve their past presentation (2). This shows the watched contrast between youngsters, teenagers, and grown-ups during momentary force yield testing might be because of neuromuscular and hormonal factors just as improved engine coordination. End Anaerobic wellness is utilized each day during the pediatric phases of life and has been given the feeling that it can possibly offer detectable wellbeing and wellness incentive to kids and teenagers (3). During physical

Familiarizing students with basics of the science branches Free Essays

string(52) imparts logical data efficaciously. The MYP 3 logical order class consolidates essential data, discernment, realities, and down to earth utilizations of the logical regions, which are organic science, compound science, and regular methods of reasoning. The reason for the class is to acquaint the understudies with the builds and rudimentss of the logical control regions and to ensure they create proper achievements in overseeing hypothetical logical discernment introduced in talk and handy applications offered in school research labs. Course points: The MYP 3 logical order class points depend on the MYP points. We will compose a custom paper test on Acquainting understudies with rudiments of the science branches or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now It urges and empowers understudies to: 1. Create miracle, association and happiness towards logical control and its techniques for enquiry. 2. Get logical cognizance and dread. 3. Convey logical contemplations, proclamations and useful encounters strongly in an arrangement of ways. 4. Create trial and truth discovering achievements to plan and transport out logical tests and to quantify grounds to pull a choice. 5. Create basic, originative and asking heads that present requests, work out occupations, idea accounts, equity explanations and do educated conclusions in logical and different settings. 6. Create cognizance of the conceivable outcomes and limitations of logical teach and welcome that logical insight is growing through community oriented action locally and universally. 7. Welcome the connection between logical order and designing and their capacity in the public arena. 8. Create awareness of the good, moral, cultural, financial, political, social and natural reasonings of the example and use of logical control and building. 9. Watch security guidelines and examples to ensure a sheltered workplace during logical exercises. 10. Incite a cognizance of the interest for and the estimation of efficacious coaction during logical exercises. Classification of life creatures â€Å" Monera, Protoctista, Fungi, Plants and energize creatures † . Transformation and catalysts. Plant and quicken being cells, particular cells, tissues, movement instruments among cells and their condition ( dissemination, assimilation, and dynamic transport ) , cell division † miosis and mitosis † . Science: Concoction structures: strong, fluid and gas molecules, sub nuclear particles, nuclear development and isotopes. The Periodic Table: Elementss and the intermittent plain cluster, antacid metals, alkalic Earth metals, section metals, incandescent light and baronial gases. Holding: Ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Acids and bases: Properties of acids and bases, pH graduated table, balance, everyday delineations. Physicss: Bars and Waves: Bars and obvious radiation, Torahs of thoughts, level and bending mirrors, refraction of noticeable radiation, focal points, unremarkable uses of mirrors and focal points, transverse and longitudinal moving edges, wave condition. Examination: This class will use arrangement of appraisal instruments including hebdomadal tests, unit preliminaries, introductions, endeavors, lab work, aë†â ¦.etc. The vast majority of these evaluations will be surveyed blending to the accompanying MYP principles: Standard A †ONE Universe: This equitable alludes to empowering students to infer a superior anxiety of the capacity of logical control in the public arena. Understudies ought to be perceptive that logical order is a planetary venture and that its turn of events and applications can hold impacts for our lives. One universe should gracefully understudies with the opportunity to fundamentally gauge the findings of logical turns of events and their applications to neighborhood as well as planetary issues. At the terminal of the class, understudies ought to have the option to: aë†? clarify the manners by which logical order is applied and used to go to explicit employments or issues. aë†? talk about the effectivity of logical control and its application in maintain excursion sources of income or issues. aë†? examine and measure the good, moral, cultural, monetary, political, social and ecological reasonings of the use of logical order and its application in work trip explicit employments or issues. Accomplishment degree Structure 0 The student does non make a standard portrayed by any of the structures underneath. 1-2 - The student states one way in which logical order is applied and used to go to explicit employments or issues †The understudy comments upon the effectivity of logical order and its application in maintain trip sources of income or issues. - The understudy states how logical control and its application connect with one of the undermentioned elements: good, moral, cultural, financial, political, social and natural. 3-4 - The student expresses the manners by which logical control is applied and used to go to explicit occupations or issues - The student expresses the effectivity of logical order and its application in maintain excursion sources of income or issues - The understudy states how logical control and its application collaborate with a portion of the undermentioned variables: good, moral, cultural, financial, political, social and natural. 5-6 - The understudy depicts the manners by which logical order is applied and used to go to explicit occupations or issues. †The student portrays the effectivity of logical order and its application in maintain trip sources of income or issues †The understudy portrays how logical control and its application interface with a portion of the undermentioned variables: good, moral, cultural, financial, political, social and natural. Standard B †Communication: This equitable alludes to empowering understudies to go able and certain when pass oning data in logical order. Understudies ought to have the option to use logical semantic correspondence right and a collection of imparting habits and configurations as suitable. Understudies ought to be insightful of the significance of admiting and reasonably refering to crafted by others when pass oning in logical order. At the terminal of the class, understudies ought to have the option to: aë†? use logical phonetic correspondence right. aë†? use fitting imparting habits, for example, verbal ( unwritten, composed ) , visual ( recorded as a hard copy, representative ) and conveying positions ( research lab contemplates, expositions, introductions ) to viably pass on speculations, considerations and discoveries in logical order. aë†? recognize crafted by others and the beginnings of data utilized by appropriately reporting them using a perceived referencing framework. Accomplishment degree Structure 0 The student does non make a standard portrayed by any of the structures beneath. 1-2 - The understudy utilizes some logical phonetic correspondence. - The student conveys practically no logical data. - The understudy paperss restricted or no beginnings of data. 3-4 - The understudy utilizes some logical semantic correspondence right. - The student conveys logical data reasonably viably. †The understudy paperss beginnings of data in a book reference. 5-6 - The understudy utilizes logical semantic correspondence right. - The understudy conveys logical data strongly. You read Acquainting understudies with nuts and bolts of the science branches in classification Paper models - The understudy paperss beginnings of data incorporating book reference and in-text referencing. Measure C †KNOWLEDGE AND Understanding: This equitable alludes to empowering students to comprehend logical insight ( realities, contemplations, develops, methodology, Torahs, rules, hypothetical records and speculations ) and to utilize it to fabricate logical records, work out employments and explain deductively bolstered proclamations. At the terminal of the class, students ought to have the option to: aë†? review logical cognizance and use logical trepidation to construct logical records aë†? utilize logical cognizance and comprehension to work out employments set in natural and new condition of affairss. aë†? fundamentally break down and assess data to do decisions upheld by logical misgiving. Accomplishment degree Structure 0 The student does non make a standard depicted by any of the structures underneath. 1-2 †The understudy reviews some logical musings, develops or potentially strategies. - The understudy applies logical comprehension to work out basic occupations. 3-4 - The understudy portrays logical considerations, develops as well as systems. - The understudy applies logical comprehension to work out complex employments in natural condition of affairss. - The understudy examinations logical data by setting parts, connections or causes. 5-6 - The understudy utilizes logical contemplations, develops and additionally forms option to construct logical records. †The understudy applies logical comprehension to work out complex employments incorporating those in new condition of affairss. - The student investigations and assesses logical data and makes decisions bolstered by logical fear. Measure D †SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY: This equitable alludes to empowering students to create sane and down to earth achievements to plan and transport out logical tests freely and to gauge the trial structure ( strategy ) . At the terminal of the class, students ought to have the option to: aë†? region a focussed activity or examination request to be tried by a logical test. aë†? explain a testable theory and elucidate it using logical intelligent reasoning. aë†? structure and complete logical tests that incorporate factors and controls, stuff or potentially hardware required, a strategy to be followed and the way wherein the data is to be gathered and handled aë†?

Being on Time Essay

Time: It is the universes hypothetical steady that oversees, now and again with an iron clench hand, the regular day to day existences of people. Time has a wide range of estimations. There are heavenly estimations, for example, the periods of the moon or the revolution of the Earth around our Sun. There are incredibly long estimations of time, similar to the land age that can range for a huge number of years, and there are exceptionally little estimations, for example, planck time, a unit generally used to gauge occasions in quantum mechanics and is little to such an extent that a solitary unit of planck time is what could be compared to 10-43 seconds. Individuals have consistently estimated time in some structure. Starting with our precursors, who started to gauge the periods of the moon right around 30,000 years back, to the Egyptians who started to quantify time utilizing shadows cast by enormous Obelisks, adequately being the absolute first sundials. Today, we utilize a typical standard of time in our everyday lives. An hour in 60 minutes, twenty-four hours in a day, 300 sixty-five days in a sun oriented year; yet time has consistently been utilized to gauge and record significant occasions. This has never been progressively clear as it has been in the twentieth and twenty-first hundreds of years. In this period of mankind's history, reliability is one of the key components of our workforce, and especially in the military. In our reality, being on-time conveys more with it than only a smooth activity of occasions. Here, being at the opportune spot at the correct time can mean the contrast among life and passing. As individuals from the United States Army, we have made a pledge to comply with our novel laws and guidelines, of which accuracy and conscionable planning is reflected. In our Uniform Code of Military Justice, practicality is tended to under our Punitive Articles. Part 10, Article 86: ABSENCE WITHOUT LEAVE Any individual from the military who, without authority†(1) neglects to go to his delegated spot of obligation at the time endorsed; (2) goes from that spot; or (3) absents himself or stays missing from his unit, association, or spot of obligation at which he is required to be at the time recommended; will be rebuffed as a court-military may coordinate. With this being said it is significant for a person to be at his/her delegated spot of obligation in any event 15 minutes before the time expressed. Each trooper knows the military proverb â€Å"If you are 15 minutes ahead of schedule you are on schedule; in the event that you are on time you are late! † This is something that was penetrated into us during Basic Training and AIT. I comprehend the discipline I have been given isn't to mortify me, yet ensure I cling to the military standard consistently. I am an encapsulation of the soldier’s belief and I wear my uniform gladly. All however I am not impeccable I make progress toward flawlessness each waking snapshot of ordinary. I am at present paying for my activities in a past occurrence and by finishing the assignment I was given I want to demonstrate that I am not a misfortune; however somebody that can be relied on when required. I will starting here and every one of those occasions later on; ensure I am at my selected spot of obligation. On the off chance that under any conditions I am not ready to make it on schedule, I will make certain to contact my hierarchy of leadership and let them know why and bring proof of the episode whenever educated.

American Literature - Margaret Fuller Research Paper

American Literature - Margaret Fuller - Research Paper Example Fuller’s father took a significant enthusiasm for the instruction of his girl and it was from him that Fuller got her initial training, beginning to peruse from the age of three just as permitting her to have a solid handle on dialects, for example, Greek and Latin from an early age. Her dad can be considered to have profoundly affected forming Fuller’s women's activist character, as he gave her an instruction that didn't separate her dependent on her sexual orientation, by giving her exercises when all is said in done subjects, as opposed to simply on subjects, for example, manners, which was normal at that point (Von Mehren,, 1994). Fuller was all around educated and proceeded to go to a few schools, learning both German just as Italian. Fuller had begun distributing one-off articles in magazines by 1934, however when her dad kicked the bucket in 1935, leaving the family in a tough situation, she had to enjoy a reprieve from her composition and rather take center arou nd the duty of instructing her more youthful kin. Along these lines she turned into an instructor in Bronson Alcott’s Temple School and Green Street School for a time of two years, from 1936 to 1938. In 1939, Fuller got a proposal from an abstract and philosophical diary called The Dial, which she acknowledged and where she worked during the multi year time of 1840 to 1842. Fuller served as the editorial manager as well as composed an incredible number of articles and surveys on a large number of points regarding the matters of workmanship and writing. It was a direct result of her work here that Fuller initially started to increase a notoriety for being a significant figure in the supernatural development (Gura, 2007). During this timeframe Fuller kept her own reviewing, distributing her book ‘Summer in The Lake’ in 1944 and distributing her celebrated article, ‘The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men, Woman versus Women’ in 1943, which is generally consi dered as the primary women's activist work of America. The article was initially composed to be distributed in The Dial and concentrated on ladies' equity and the job ladies played in American Democracy. In 1844, Fuller moved to New York where she joined the New York Tribune as an abstract pundit, in this way accomplishing her situation as the primary full-time female book-analyst. 1n 1846, Fuller had become the journalist’s first female proofreader. Fuller composed a large number of segments for this distribution, and her works remembered conversations for wide-running subjects, for example, craftsmanship and writing, just as socio-policy centered issues pertinent to the two ladies and other abused minority gatherings. In 1846, more full headed out to Europe as an outside journalist for the New York Tribune, once more, the main female to do as such, where she met an incredible number of conspicuous authors and afterward sent back reports to America. It was likewise in Europe that Fuller met Giuseppe Mazinni, with whom she was later to have a relationship just as a youngster. In May, 1850, Fuller and her family left on a boat to cruise back to the United States. Tragically, the boat smashed at a short good ways from the shore of New York, slaughtering Fuller and her family, with their bodies sadly never recouped. Fuller kicked the bucket at forty years old. Margaret Fuller kicked the bucket youthful however left behind a heritage so incredible that maybe most women’s rights and extremist gatherings can authorize their advancement of most of the

Top Opportunities in the Online Retail Revolution

Top Opportunities in the Online Retail Revolution Working in the retail business used to be really clear. Clients would shop in physical retail facades, helped by deals partners or client assistance reps. At that point, anything they couldn’t get face to face was bought from a printed index. Presently, things have changed totally for all intents and purposes anything you need or need can be conveyed right to your entryway, inside a couple of days (or even long stretches) of making a buy on your favored gadget. You don’t even need to venture out from home on the off chance that you don’t need to. We despite everything have customary stores, obviously, yet the financial matters and needs behind retail have completely moved. What's more, if you’re taking a gander at a profession in the retail field, your choices have changed also. Being an in-store partner used to be the venturing stone to a retail vocation way, yet since organizations like Amazon and Walmart have moved such huge numbers of their assets towa rd online deals and offsite satisfaction, your retail profession may begin in an increasingly in the background job, with a totally unique arrangement of aptitudes and opportunities.How the Retail Landscape is ChangingRight now, there are a couple larger patterns that are changing how retail functions and in this way what a vocation in retail resembles as well.Online DominationAccording to Forbes, the retail business is in somewhat of a character emergency at the present time. Organizations are going to an unavoidable point where they will either grasp the progressions of the web time or fall a long ways behind. Online retailers like Amazon, alongside conventional retail establishments like Kohl’s or Target, are building a progressively hearty web based shopping stage. These organizations are at the front line of these changes, accentuating the capacity to shop from anyplace. Stores and chains that are not adjusting as fast are in danger of falling behind in deals and growth. Companies like Walmart are likewise hoping to expand their internet game by securing existing retailers that can give the business foundation and promoting know-how to bring the parent organizations into the following period of retail.Traditional Stores ClosingThink about your neighborhood shopping center. Odds are, in any event one of the large â€Å"anchor† stores has shut as of late, or might be in danger of shutting soon-chains like Macy’s, Sears, Kmart, and others have all as of late reported that failing to meet expectations physical stores will be covered for streamlining.Embracing the TechIt’s difficult to disparage how innovation has changed the shopping experience-and along these lines the techniques utilized by retailers. First came shopping by means of PCs, at that point cell phones, at that point tablets, making retailers create online retail plans and stages to help these better approaches for perusing and shopping. Also, presently â€Å"virtual a ssistants† like Amazon’s Alexa and Google Home have made it with the goal that customers don’t even need to go online to peruse they can only request that the menial helper quest and purchase for them, in view of pre-set record and installment settings. As per RetailDive, Amazon clients burned through 10% more in the months in the wake of purchasing the Amazon Echo gadget, recommending that more retailers will get in on the voice-initiated shopping train.And it’s not simply the typical gadgets you’d hope to do the looking for you-keen apparatuses like LG’s â€Å"smart† fridge can mention to you what you have inside, and what you may need to add to your shopping list. (No word on whether these coolers can pass judgment on us yet for those late-night pints of frozen yogurt, or farmer’s showcase produce that goes immaculate for takeout containers.)Many stores are likewise utilizing tech to upgrade the in-store shopping experience, utilizing area works on cell phones and message pop-ups to make customers aware of deals and advancements in-store.Summer Black Friday SalesIf you’ve ever been at a huge chain store on Black Friday (or seen the unending news inclusion of wince actuating conduct each year), you realize it very well may be a bloodsport, with individuals truly pushing each other off the beaten path to get first-class items at a markdown. And keeping in mind that Black Friday may not be the best pattern as far as humankind, for retail it very well may be a significant resource it gets clients and lifts deals during the basic occasion period.Online-just retailers like Amazon have begun highlighting comparative deals around July, at a generally peaceful retail time of the year, exploiting the possibility that you don’t should be available in a store to score an arrangement on another TV. So while clients might be removing time from the sea shore rather than the Thanksgiving table to shop, th e thought is rapidly getting on that a late spring partner to Black Friday can assist help with retailing main concerns during a customarily dead time. As different retailers join these precarious summer deals, it can possibly change how retail locations and satisfaction focuses are staffed, year-round.â€Å"Need It Now† ShippingIf you’ve seen your postal worker getting out and about on up 'til now unbelievable Sundays, dropping Amazon-logo-stepped boxes on doorsteps, at that point you’ve perceived how the expanded interest for quick transportation has started to grab hold in the retail business. Amazon Prime was one of the pioneers in this field, and other significant retailers have gone with the same pattern, offering insta-transportation as a feature of their web based shopping experience. Obliging these transportation needs implies having deliberately found stockrooms and satisfaction revolves around the nation, so items have a shorter approach when clients need that computer game in under two days’ time.Retail Warehouse JobsSo what do these patterns changes mean for a profession in retail? First off, it implies that your beginning stage may not be dealing with a business floor, taking care of direct exchanges. A significant number of the best retail open doors will be originating from stockrooms and satisfaction focuses, as retailers attempt to locate the sweet spot among retail and coordinations to meet client needs.Let’s take a gander at a portion of the section level occupations and vocation ways that are becoming because of the new retail economy. We’ve incorporated some example joins for every that you can use as a beginning stage for your own search.Sorting AssociateSorting partners are answerable for (as you may have speculated) arranging active bundles by size, shape, goal, or other standards. They’re liable for ensuring that shipments are composed and pressed productively sort of like box Tetris.Sk ills required: Attention to detail, capacity to lift overwhelming bundles, client support center, physical endurance, adaptable work schedulePantry AssociateAs online staple conveyance organizations like Fresh Direct and Amazon Fresh grow and make quality and speed basic for delivery food items, wash room partners are liable for arranging and pressing shipments of goods to ensure everything goes out rapidly and as new as possible.Skills required: Attention to detail, capacity to lift substantial bundles, client assistance center, physical endurance, adaptable work scheduleWarehouse/Fulfillment AssociateAs increasingly more significance is submitted on internet shopping and request satisfaction, stockroom staff are fundamental. Distribution center partners are answerable for stacking and emptying shipments, just as following, examining, and checking shipments. These partners may likewise work substantial hardware to move items and shipments.Skills required: Attention to detail, capac ity to lift overwhelming bundles, client assistance center, physical endurance, adaptable work scheduleSeasonal Fulfillment AssociatesRetail has its bustling seasons and its not really bustling seasons. During the busiest pieces of the year, as school year kickoff and the winter occasions, pretty much every retailer needs the same number of hands on deck as they can discover. On the off chance that you’re searching for occasional work in a distribution center, this is an adaptable alternative for you that can manufacture understanding or assist you with filling a hole between employments. Regular stockroom and satisfaction partners play out indistinguishable errands from full-time distribution center partners, yet during a set timeframe (for instance, November through December).Skills required: Attention to detail, capacity to lift substantial bundles, client support center, physical endurance, adaptable work scheduleOperations AssociateOnce orders are gathered, amassed, and prepared for delivery, tasks experts take over to ensure that everything goes where it’s expected to go, and when it’s expected to go out. The activity may include breaking down the most ideal approach to dispatch stock (transporting courses, timetables, costs, and so forth.) just as planning with satisfaction and coordinations groups to guarantee smooth conveyance and a decent client experience.Skills required: Attention to detail, incredible association, information investigation, venture the executives, client care center, capacity to fill in as a feature of a group with many moving partsBenefits of a Warehouse CareerThese distribution center and delivery employments ordinarily don’t require a professional education to begin, and for the most part remember for the-work preparing once you’re in the entryway. They’re likewise geologically adaptable: on the grounds that retailers are setting up satellite distribution centers and satisfaction bases on the nation to make delivering quicker and less expensive, you won’t fundamentally need to focus your pursuit of employment in a set number of â€Å"hubs.†As retail itself keeps on developing, so to do the chances to work in the field. What's more, regardless of how individuals are shopping nowadays (or how they’ll shop quite a while from now), organizations will consistently require qualified experts in the background to ensure clients get what they need, and that they hold returning. In the event that you have an energy for coordinations and client assistance, the satisfaction way can be an extraordinary choice for your retail vocation.

Service and SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Service and SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following was contributed by Anesa Diaz-Uda, a second-year MPA student. ______________________ What makes SIPA so special is the fact that there’s really something here for everyone.   In what is arguably the greatest city in the world, SIPA naturally offers a living laboratory in which students can refine their academic and professional interests.   Refining these interests happens inside and outside the classroom. Most of the students here hope to evoke a positive impact within our communities, and I’ve tried to do just that.   In January of 2009 I started a new student group of peers interested in mentoring high school students.   We forged a partnership with the International Community High School (ICHS) in the Bronx largely because of my connection at the school, but also because the school was an ideal fit for most SIPA students.   All of the high school students enrolled at ICHS are recent immigrants to the US.   They’ve been living in the US for less than five years, and are all English Language Learners. SIPA students began our work by first meeting with ICHS administrators, and soon began directly working with the school’s social worker.   We then met a few prospective high school students (students who wanted a mentor, and were likely college bound but needed a bit of extra attention).   After this initial meeting with the students, the social worker formally paired us with 1-3 high school students. We were paired based on interests (both academic and extracurricular), languages spoken, and general congeniality.   Since then, we’ve been meeting with our kids about once a week for tutoring or just to hang out.   We also go on group outings â€" namely to museums and dinners. In August, I recruited some of the first-year students to the program, and with a few new mentors we’ve been able to work with more of the high school students.   It sounds cheesy, but all of these kids really are representative of the American dream.   They’re the first generation in their families to attend high school in the US, and the first generation to hopefully attend college. It was busy in the fall helping them prepare for the SATs and with their applications to colleges, but it was also very exciting.

Acing the GRE essay Part III A strategy for practicing

Of the two essays on the analytical writing section, most students find the issue essay to be the hardest. It requires creative use of existing knowledge to deliver an original, nuanced, and detailed perspective on a new topic in just half an hour. To prepare, students need a clear order of operations and concrete tools for organizing their own knowledge around many different, unpredictable prompts. 1) How to select prompts for practice Once you have a handle on the scoring criteria, the best way to start preparing for the issue essay is to jump right in and respond to a prompt within the 30 minute time limit. There is a large pool of prompts, and on test day, you won’t have control over which one you’re assigned. So when you are preparing, rather than looking for a prompt that speaks to you, just choose one at random and write your response. 2) Allocating time when writing Begin your 30 minutes by creating an outline, with a thesis and several phrases sentences per paragraph. Spend 3-4 minutes on this stage, and then nearly all the rest of your time writing the essay, and then if you have time, spend 1-2 minutes at the end proofreading to make sure you didn’t leave a key sentence or critical transition out of a body paragraph. Write your body paragraphs first and your introduction last, after you’re clear on the path your argument takes. The introduction’s main purpose is to acknowledge the importance and complexity of the issue before narrowing down to a guiding thesis. The conclusion summarizes the argument very briefly, ideally with slightly different wording or a fresh presentation of the ideas described above. 3) Getting your Score When you’ve finished writing, you have a few options for scoring. If you want immediate feedback, you can submit your essay online to ETS’ ScoreItNow automated essay scoring software and get a score back within a matter of seconds. ScoreItNow gives a pretty accurate prediction of what score the essay would earn on test day. If you’d like individualized feedback to help you improve your writing, then share your work with your tutor, who will be more than happy to help you take your writing to the next level! 4) Activate your prior knowledge through structured brainstorming and an untimed essay Once you’ve written a practice essay, it’s time to hone in on the brainstorming part of the process in order to better prepare for the diversity of prompts and practice mobilizing your knowledge effectively. Since the goal is to write a thoughtful, fluent essay in just half an hour, your best bet is to focus on topics you know well. Look over three to five different prompts and consider what content from your own school and work experience would make for strong, detailed evidence that you could reproduce at a moment’s notice for one or more of these prompts. Consider your areas of academic study, your work experience, and other topics of interest, such as current events or other issues about which you enjoy learning. Pick two topics about which you are knowledgeable, and for each one, write an untimed essay of a length similar (within 50 words) to the sample essays with scores that you’d like to achieve. This should take you around around 45 minutes, and no longer than 60. At this stage, you’re crafting an ideal essay that you’ll use as a brainstorming and study tool, rather than a completely realistic version of what you’ll be able to write in 30 minutes on test day. Here is an example: Since I recently worked at a civic media lab, I could write about the challenges of engaging diverse stakeholders in technology-assisted learning and deliberation about issues of shared concern. Since I follow Black Lives Matter in the news, I might write about that movement as a prime example social media used for the goal of equal participation in civic life. (For readers unfamiliar with the term, â€Å"civic media† typically refers to technologically supported tools for mediating civic life, ranging from the use of twitter and smartphone videos in the Arab Spring to Boston’s See-Click-Fix app available for smart phones.) These â€Å"knowledge banks† could provide all or at least some of the compelling evidence for an issue essay. The knowledge and experience I described above have clear and immediate connections to over a dozen of the many topics listed in GRE Issue Essay Pool, including: As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could. Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field. Become an agile essay writer by practicing those 3-4 minutes of brainstorming again and again Use this ideal essay as a guiding example to help you develop other parts of your knowledge and experience into evidence for new issue essays. Now that you’ve practiced articulating your own knowledge in depth for the issue essay prompts, you’re better equipped for quick brainstorming. Start to focus on the 3-4 minute brainstorming process: Choose a topic and random, see how much of an outline you can develop in 3-4 minutes. Then, move on to the next topic and short brainstorm session. This process will help you become an agile curator of your own knowledge for whatever new prompt you face. Alternate between brainstorming and writing a full essay As the test day approaches, you’ll want to alternate writing 30-minute practice essays with 3-4 minute brainstorm sessions for additional prompts. If you find that you struggle with providing sufficient detail, you may find it helpful to write another model essay or two to flesh out details that you can have on reserve and likely repurpose on test day. If you find that your brainstorming process is slow, work on that. Some students who are more divergent thinkers prefer to take each prompt as a chance to explore an entirely new topic; for these students,I recommend practicing exclusively within the half-hour time limit on a range of new topics. Capitalize on customized tutor feedback whenever possible, and use ScoreItNow as a backup. Four to six issue essays is plenty of practice Most students reach their maximum score after writing just a handful of essays. The details above are meant to clarify the best use of this limited time. For individualized advice, don’t hesitate to contact your tutor! Want help strategizing and studying for theGRE? ; More on the GRE: Acing the GRE essay Part I - Ingredients of a Great GRE Issue Essay Acing the GRE essay Part II - How to use the scoring scale wisely GRE Coaching Approaches with Anahid Modrek

Emma Watsons UN Speech on Gender Equality

On Sep. 20,  2014, British actor and Goodwill Ambassador for U.N. Women Emma Watson  gave a smart, important, and moving speech about gender inequality and how to fight it. In doing so, she launched the HeForShe initiative, which aims to get men and boys to join the feminist fight for gender equality. In the speech, Watson made the important point that in order for gender equality to be achieved, harmful and destructive stereotypes of masculinity and behavioral expectations for boys and men have got to change. Biography Emma Watson is a British actress and model born in 1990, who is best known for her 10-year stint as Hermione Granger in the eight Harry Potter movies. Born in Paris, France to a pair of now-divorced British lawyers, she made a reported $15 million dollars for playing Granger in each of the last two Harry Potter films. Watson began taking acting classes at six years of age and was selected for the Harry Potter cast in 2001 at age nine. She attended the Dragon School at Oxford, and then the Headington private girls school. Eventually, she received a bachelors degree in English literature at Brown University in the United States. Watson has been actively involved in humanitarian causes for several years, working to promote fair trade and organic clothing, and as an ambassador for Camfed International, a movement to educate girls in rural Africa. Celebrity Feminism Watson is one of several women in the arts who have leveraged their high profile status to bring womens rights issues to the public eye. The list includes Jennifer Lawrence, Patricia Arquette, Rose McGowan, Annie Lennox, Beyonce, Carmen Maura, Taylor Swift, Lena Dunham, Katy Perry, Kelly Clarkson, Lady Gaga, and Shailene Woodley, although some have refused to self-identify as feminists. These women have been both celebrated and criticized for the positions they have taken; the term celebrity feminist is sometimes used to denigrate their credentials or question their authenticity, but there is no doubt that their championships of different causes have shed public light into myriad issues. The U.N. and HeForShe Eduardo Munoz Alvarez / Getty Images In 2014, Watson was named a U.N. Women Goodwill Ambassador by the United Nations, a program that actively involves prominent personalities in the fields of arts and sports to promote U.N. programs. Her role is to serve as an advocate for U.N. Womens gender equality campaign known as HeForShe. HeForShe, led by the U.N.s Elizabeth Nyamayaro and under the direction of Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, is a program dedicated to improving the status of women and inviting men and boys around the world to stand in solidarity with women and girls as they make that make gender equality a reality. The speech at the United Nations was part of her official role as U.N. Women Goodwill Ambassador. Below is the  full transcript of her 13-minute speech; after that is a discussion of the speechs reception. Emma Watsons Speech at the U.N. Today we are launching a campaign called HeForShe. I am reaching out to you because we need your help. We want to end gender inequality, and to do this, we need everyone involved. This is the first campaign of its kind at the UN. We want to try to mobilize as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for change. And, we don’t just want to talk about it. We want to try and make sure that it’s tangible. I was appointed as Goodwill Ambassador for UN Women six  months ago. And, the more I spoke about feminism, the more I realized that fighting for women’s rights has too often become synonymous with man-hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop. For the record, feminism by definition is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of political, economic and social equality of the sexes. I started questioning gender-based assumptions a long time ago. When I was 8, I was confused for being called bossy because I wanted to direct the plays that we would put on for our parents, but the boys were not. When at 14, I started to be sexualized by certain elements of the media. When at 15, my girlfriends started dropping out of sports teams because they didn’t want to appear muscly. When at 18, my male friends were unable to express their feelings. I decided that I was a feminist, and this seemed uncomplicated to me. But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word. Women are choosing not to identify as feminists. Apparently, I’m among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong, too aggressive, isolating, and anti-men. Unattractive, even. Why has the word become such an uncomfortable one? I am from Britain, and I think it is right I am paid the same as my male counterparts. I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body. I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf in the policies and decisions that will affect my life. I think it is right that socially, I am afforded the same respect as men. But sadly, I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to see these rights. No country in the world can yet say that they achieved gender equality. These rights, I consider to be human rights but I am one of the lucky ones. My life is a sheer privilege because my parents didn’t love me less because I was born a daughter. My school did not limit me because I was a girl. My mentors didn’t assume I would go less far because I might give birth to a child one day. These influencers were the gender equality ambassadors that made me who I am today. They may not know it, but they are the inadvertent feminists who are changing the world today. And we need more of those. And if you still hate the word, it is not the word that is important. It’s the idea and the ambition behind it, because not all women have received the same rights I have. In fact, statistically, very few have. In 1995, Hillary Clinton made a famous speech in Beijing about women’s rights. Sadly, many of the things that she wanted to change are still true today. But what stood out for me the most was that less than thirty percent of the audience were male. How can we effect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation? Men, I would like to take this opportunity to extend your formal invitation. Gender equality is your issue, too. Because to date, I’ve seen my father’s role as a parent being valued less by society, despite my need of his presence as a child, as much as my mother’s. I’ve seen young men suffering from mental illness, unable to ask for help for fear it would make them less of a man. In fact, in the UK, suicide is the biggest killer of men between 20 to 49, eclipsing road accidents, cancer and coronary heart disease. I’ve seen men made fragile and insecure by a distorted sense of what constitutes male success. Men don’t have the benefits of equality, either. We don’t often talk about men being imprisoned by gender stereotypes, but I can see that they are, and that when they are free, things will change for women as a natural consequence. If men don’t have to be aggressive in order to be accepted, women won’t feel compelled to be submissive. Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and women should feel free to be strong. It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum, instead of two sets of opposing ideals. If we stop defining each other by what we are not, and start defining ourselves by who we are, we can all be freer, and this is what HeForShe is about. It’s about freedom. I want men to take up this mantle so that their daughters, sisters, and mothers can be free from prejudice, but also so that their sons have permission to be vulnerable and human too, reclaim those parts of themselves they abandoned, and in doing so, be a more true and complete version of themselves. You might be thinking, â€Å"Who is this Harry Potter girl, and what is she doing speaking at the UN?† And, it’s a really good question. I’ve been asking myself the same thing. All I know is that I care about this problem, and I want to make it better. And, having seen what I’ve seen, and given the chance, I feel it is my responsibility to say something. Statesman Edmund Burke said, â€Å"All that is needed for the forces of evil to triumph is for good men and women to do nothing.† In my nervousness for this speech and in my moments of doubt, I told myself firmly, â€Å"If not me, who? If not now, when?† If you have similar doubts when opportunities are presented to you, I hope those words will be helpful. Because the reality is that if we do nothing, it will take seventy-five years, or for me to be nearly 100 before women can expect to be paid the same as men for the same work. 15.5 million girls will be married in the next 16 years as children. And at current rates it won’t be until 2086 before all rural African girls will be able to receive a secondary education. If you believe in equality, you might be one of those inadvertent feminists that I spoke of earlier, and for this, I applaud you. We are struggling for a uniting word, but the good news is, we have a uniting movement. It is called HeForShe. I invite you to step forward, to be seen and to ask yourself, â€Å"If not me, who? If not now, when?† Thank you very, very much. Reception Most of the public reception for Watsons speech has been positive: The speech got a thunderous standing ovation at U.N. headquarters; Joanna Robinson writing in Vanity Fair called the speech impassioned; and Phil Plait writing in Slate called it stunning. Some positively compared Watsons speech with Hilary Clintons speech to the U.N. 20 years earlier. Other press reports have been less positive. Roxane Gay writing in The Guardian, expressed her frustration that the idea of women asking for the rights that men already have only sells when delivered in the right package: a particular kind of beauty, fame, and/or self-deprecating brand of humor. Feminism should not be something that needs a seductive marketing campaign, she said. Julia Zulwer writing in Al Jazeera wondered why the United Nations picked a foreign, distant figure to be the representative for the women of the world. Maria Jose Gà ¡mez Fuentes and colleagues argue that the HeForShe movement as expressed in Watsons speech is an innovative attempt to connect with the experiences of many women, without focusing on the trauma. However, the HeForShe movement asks for the activation of action by the people who hold power. That, say the scholars, denies the agency of women as the subjects of violence, inequality, and oppression, instead giving men the ability to restore this lack of agency, to empower the women and offer them freedom. The will to eradicate gender inequality depends on the will of the males, which is not a traditional feminist principle. The MeToo Movement However, all of this negative reaction predates the #MeToo movement, and the election of Donald Trump, as of course did Watsons speech. There are some signs that feminists of all stripes and across the world are feeling rejuvenated by the open criticism and in many cases the fall of very powerful men because they abused that power. In March of 2017, Watson met and discussed gender equality issues with bell hooks, a powerful icon of the feminist movement since the 1960s. As Alice Cornwall puts it, shared outrage can offer a powerful basis for connection and solidarity that can reach across the differences that might otherwise divide us. And as Emma Watson says, If not me, who? If not now, when? Sources Brady, Anita. Taking Time between G-String Changes to Educate Ourselves: Sinà ©ad O’Connor, Miley Cyrus, and Celebrity Feminism. Feminist Media Studies 16.3 (2016): 429-44. Print.Cornwall, Andrea. Taking Off International Developments Straightjacket of Gender. Brown Journal of World Affairs 21.1 (2014-2015): 127-39. Print.Gà ¡mez Fuentes, Marà ­a Josà ©, Emma Gà ³mez Nicolau, and Rebeca Maseda Garcà ­a. Celebrities, Gender-Based Violence and Womens Rights: Towards the Transformation of the Framework of Recognition. Revista Latina de Comunicacià ³n Social, 71 (2016): 833-52. Print.Gay, Roxane. Emma Watson? Jennifer Lawrence? These Arent the Feminists Youre Looking For. The Guardian October 14, 2014. Web, accessed February 16, 2018.Hamad, Hannah, and Anthea Taylor. Introduction: Feminism and Contemporary Celebrity Culture. Celebrity Studies 6.1 (2015): 124-27. Print.Kennelly, Alexah. #Activism: Identity, Affiliation, and Political Discourse-Making on Twitter. The Arbutus Review 6.1 (2015). Print.MacDonald, Fiona. Knocking Down Walls in Political Science: In Defense of an Expansionist Feminist Agenda. Canadian Journal of Political Science 50.2 (2017): 411-26. Print.Matos, Julie. Womens Rights in Public Address: A Feminist Rhetorical Critique. Colloquy 11 (2015): 1-22. Print.Plait, Phil. I Stand with Emma Watson. Slate September 23, 2014. Web, accessed February 16, 2018.Rottenberg, Catherine. Neoliberal Feminism and the Future of Human Capital. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 42.2 (2017): 329-48. Print.Zulver, Julia. Is Emma Watson the Right Woman For the Job? Al Jazeera September 24, 2014. Web, accessed February 16, 2018.

Personal Statement Parent s Divorce - 871 Words

Parent’s Divorce Six years ago, a summer afternoon, my dad hugged me and I said â€Å"I will be gone for three days, I have a job in Austin, but I promise that I will be back before your birthday. I promise.† Days, weeks, months almost two years passed by and I did not receive any phone call or text message from him. Throughout that time my dad was gone, my mom told me that she was getting the papers ready to divorce my dad. I was noticing that the last three-four years that I was living with both of my parents, their relationship was getting worse. It was not a healthy situation for anyone in the house. What I mean about not being healthy is that my mother and father were damaging one another, emotionally and verbally, which my brothers and I would watch everything. Every day was the same routine, we forgot how it was to have a peaceful home. Around that moment, I honestly never thought divorce was going to be their solution. Going through my parent’s divorce was very life changing for me. I went through so many emotions, which until this day is a topic that is hard for me to talk about. It was very sad not seeing my parents together, having no clue where my dad was and seeing my mom sad. I would love to spend time with my parents and brothers. For example, our Sunday’s mornings, seeing my mom cook breakfast, watching my dad drink his cup of coffee, watching TV with my brothers, then playing Latin music seeing my parents dance. I loved that so much. So not having that out ofShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Divorce On Children s Socio Economic Success Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesOra Fudge English 1302.41430 Prof. Savage 4 Dec. 2016 Effects of Divorce on Children s Socio-Economic Success The family is the lowest unit within the social structure. Basically, a family consists of a couple and their children. Socially, a â€Å"full† family unit is respected while â€Å"one† units are stigmatized. 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Other issues such as the invention the pill, (birth control), sanctioning both men and women to file for divorce without having to prove adultery, (which was needed to be done afore), and religionRead MoreMr. Walker s Legal Representative984 Words   |  4 PagesMr. Walker’s legal representative revealed that he wished to give an open statement as to the reason for the administrative hearing. The legal representative stated that he represents the non-custodial parent (NCP), Michael Walker. He stated that the NCP and his wife maintained four bank accounts jointly, and that in October 2015 the NCP’s wife deposited over $23,000.00 in the bank account that she withdrew from a personal savings retirement account that the NCP did not contribute to before it was

Crime in Urban Areas - 1686 Words

Many factors generate crime. That ‘inner morality’ necessary to resist the temptation to rape, rob, or kill weakens in an environment of broken homes, systemic poverty, ethical relativism, religious decline. Poverty ’causes’ crime in general in the same way that pornography causes sex crimes and television violence causes violence by children: it is a predispositive condition. If the family life could be strengthened, raise the living standard, instill character values this could have an impact on lowering the crime rate. In my research on crime in urban areas versus crime in the suburban areas; I predict that people who live in urban areas will have a much higher crime rate than those living in suburban areas. Poverty is crimes chief†¦show more content†¦Many times individuals act in a desperate manner when they view their situation as being desperate. People living at or below poverty level feel that their chances of getting jobs and pulling themselves out of poverty has a minimal rate of success. Often times these people have less than a high school education, and this means that the only kind of job, if any, that can be secured is entry level. When the economic situation is not good, even this kind of job is hard to find. According to the FBIs final crime statistics for 2006, see chart below, violent crime is up for the second consecutive year, the first time thats happened in over 10 years. Until 2005, violent crime had steadily dropped over 15 years. The new rise in violence is gradual, not a tidal wave. However, it is still sobering for law enforcement agencies that now realize they have been overconfident. In an article in the Detroit News, Sunday, August 15, 2004 it stated that from January 2004 to August 2004 there were more than 800 people that were shot in Detroit a 70 percent jump in gun violence that experts and police blame on a variety of factors, from upheaval and scarce resources in the police department to high unemployment rates among young males and a hip-hop culture that condones gunfire to solve disputes. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report â€Å"National Crime Victimization Survey† (October 2000), it was reported that in 1998 urban residents experienced overallShow MoreRelatedCrime And Its Effects On Urban Areas1968 Words   |  8 Pages Crime is a familiar and perilous concern in American society, and crime damages the foundation of this America. The ongoing population shift from rural to urban areas has helped to facilitate crime in the United States through the decades. Showing the focused element and impact of crime in society and the consequence of crime in urban areas, is to better understand the people, and knowing that when criminals know the procedures of the crime they get new opportunity to do it. Examining the crimesRead MoreEssay on Why so Much Crime is Committed in Urban Areas606 Words   |  3 PagesWhy so Much Crime is Committed in Urban Areas Crime in urban areas has been on the increase since the 1950s, why? What has happened to cause crime to become almost an accepted part of inner city life? There are plenty of crime figures available for every city in the world, but reading numbers from a list does not explain why more crimes are being committed, to try to understand we have to look at what has changed in urban communities and how these changes have affectedRead MoreESSAY - Examine sociological explanations for the lower rates of recorded crime in rural compared to urban areas1414 Words   |  6 PagesQUESTION: ‘Examine Sociological explanations for the lower rates of recorded crime in rural compared to urban areas’†¦ A group of sociologists based in Chicago became known as Chicago School, and they argued that the growth of cities produced distinctive neighbourhoods, each with its own characteristic lifestyle. Shaw and McKay applied this perspective to their study of delinquency. Statistics from their study shows that 9.8% of crimes committed are usually found in the Central Business District (CBD). HoweverRead MoreProperty Crime Report1462 Words   |  6 Pagesstatistics on major factors that affects the property crime rates in the U.S. Abstract: The property crime rates of 45.7% occurs more in urban areas. About 16.8% of the crimes were committed by high school dropouts and only 0.4% of the crimes that occurs were related to the population density. The type of property crimes that happens includes larceny-theft, home burglary, home invasion, grand theft auto, forgery, and arson. These types of crimes may be caused by factors such as high school dropoutsRead MoreUrban Decline With Middle Class1445 Words   |  6 Pagesnotion of gentrification that indicated the urban decline with middle class individuals abruptly and surprisingly moving into neighborhood where crime rates were tremendously high. In the study, time- arrangement information from fourteen gentrified neighborhoods in Boston, New York, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington, D.C., were broke down to figure out whether gentrification had an impact on wrongdoing rates in focal city neighborhoods. The areas took after each other in natural or locationalRead MoreUrba n Crime1501 Words   |  7 Pages| UNIT THREE CRIMINOLOGY PROJECT | URBAN amp; RURAL CRIME | | | | Elaine Lawrence | 23/4/2012 | | RURAL CRIME INTRODUCTION This project is going to look at urban crime and rural crime and how it differs. It will look at statistics for crime in urban and rural areas and see whether there is any difference. There is research put forward by criminologists to suggest that crime is higher in urban to that of rural areas. The project will be using secondary research asRead MoreUrban Crime: as Portrayed in Mystic River973 Words   |  4 Pagesthat grew up in the streets of Boston. The urban environment that they grew up in as children directly impacted their lives, as they got older. One big universal theme of the movies was urban crime; the movie displayed both sides of urban crime (the corrupt side as well as the investigators and law enforcement, also known as the â€Å"good side†). All of the urban crimes shown throughout this movie relate to the way the boys lives played out. Within their urban neighborhood there existed such a closed socialRead MoreCrime and Urban Decay938 Words   |  4 Pages Crime and Urban Decay Introduction It is commonly believed that communities with the highest level of crime are those that have the most urban decay. This is frequently referred to as the Broken Windows theory, which was originally posited by Wilson and Kelling. They believed that active policing would reduce the amount of disorderliness and petty crime in a neighborhood. 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Analysis Of Kitab Tarikh Al Hind ( History Of India )

Kitab Tarikh Al-Hind (History of India), written by Al-Biruni, is an ancient text that gives scholars insight into the interactions between Muslims and Hindus during the 11th century. In this opening excerpt of the text, Al-Biruni gives an introduction to his in-depth analysis of the Hindu people from his Muslim point of view and education. In this selection, he lays out where he may encounter problems extracting the true meaning out of the Hindu people because of his bias and Muslim history. Al-Biruni’s History of India is an example of how the dual religions of Islam and Hinduism were both present in the Indian subcontinent during the 11th century, and how bias affects interpretation of other religions. The author of this excerpt, AbÃ… « Rayá ¸ ¥Ã„ n Muá ¸ ¥ammad ibn Aá ¸ ¥mad Al-BÄ «rÃ… «nÄ «, or Al-Biruni, was a scholar during the medieval Islamic era. Born in Khwarezm in 973, he was well versed in religion, history, geography, geology, science, physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist and linguist. Al-Biruni was alive during the Ghaznavid dynasty, which was centered in the city of Ghazni, what is now modern-day central-eastern Afghanistan. Religiously, he was considered a Shi’ite Muslim, but many times his agnostic tendencies can be seen, especially in his writing. In 1017 he traveled to the Indian subcontinent and authored Kitab Tarikh Al-Hind (History of India) after being commissioned by Mahmud to explore the Hindu

Actuarial Final Year Project Free Essays

COMPUTATION MATHEMATICS III PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY ; BUSINESS PLAN ON AN ON GOING PROJECT ON PREMISES ALONG OJIJO ROAD PARKLANDS WESTLANDS COUNTY BY NAMEREG NO PERIS WANJIRU†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. FELIX MAIKO †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. We will write a custom essay sample on Actuarial Final Year Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now LILLIAN REGINA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. OJIJO ROAD ESTATE BUSINESS PLAN ONGOING PROJECT PLAN RESIDENTIAL BY edited by Felix Maiko Peris Wanjiru Lilian Regina abstract OJIJO ROAD ESTATE BUSINESS PLAN AN ONGOING PROJECT PLAN BY Felix Maiko, Peris Wanjiru, Lillian Regina , This compilation consists of the full analysis and financial come actual xpenditure of an on going business project plan along Ojijo road , it is a more ,like we would say sub urban residential area . It was actually a more of a resettlement of the growing population along the old and populated to the brim local estates like the old and good Parklands and Ngara estates . It was majorly accelerated with the ongoing construction of the Thika supper highway that will bring life to the sickly part of the western part of Nairobi city. It is estimated that by the first year of construction 30 % of the city will gain from the supper highway directly or indirectly. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. objective of study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Executive summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Ian Shihemi and associates†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. hase construction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Development Budget†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Sales Projection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Location†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Market Description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Completion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Sales Projection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Execution of Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ design and specification†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ project estimates†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. preparation of tender and contract eals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ tendering†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. project management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. contract administration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Sales and marketing†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Project timelines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Design for tender†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. construction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. market and sales†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Acknowledgement We would like to thank the entire staff of Ian Shihemi and associates we are extremely grateful to our project coordinator Mr. Wamui and Mr. Njakeez Topali for their support , especially Mr. Peter Octopizzo who assisted us from the beginning to the end of the business project plan and gave guidance and a sense of direction to us. We are very grateful to our lecturer Mr. Nderitu who with all odds barren gave all his time to ensure we got the grip to continue with a computation spirit from the start. Special thanks to my coordinator Ms. Mary who helped me in compilation of my survey report, and all those people (customers) who took time out of their busy schedules and gave us the information, which was essential for the completion of this project. These people have been instrumental in my research and business project work. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The purpose of these business project plan was to determine the rate and response to the idea of constructing sub-urban estate in a less or more developing area. The main objective was to estimate the actual business plan come expenditure and the revenue and profit to be generated from the completion of the actual business plan. The project is ongoing and with our data plan and survey it will foresee the eve of next the 3rd year probably 36 months of hard construction, good engineering and bitter sweet outcomes. Description and budget estimates are done and showed out clearly. . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a project proposal for the construction of a high class residential estate comprising of 800 Maisonettes on a parcel of land situated along Ojijo road off Thika road, Parklands. The project has been conceived, designed and will be implemented by Ian and co-associates architects. The estimated development cost for the project is KES 5,600,000,000. 00 by calculations and precise figure. The project completion period shall take 12 months from ground breaking to hand over. Sales for 800 Units @ KES 10,000,000 will be in the range of KES 8,000,000,000. 00 Returns shall be in the range of KES 2,400,000,000. 00 with gross profits falling in the range of 43% percent. Ian Shihemi and co-associate architects Ian Shihemi and co-associate architects is a dynamic property consulting company specializing in providing a one-stop service for the management and development of a variety of property development projects. It provides its clients, who may be property owners, developers or tenants, with the expertise to guide a project through the complex development process from concept through to building completion. Depending on the requirements of their client, Ian and architects can provide a full or partial consulting service. The company’s involvement can vary from sourcing suitable sites, arranging local authority approvals, managing the professional team or providing a complete project management service. The principals behind the firm have several years experience in designing and managing to completion several projects of various natures. THE PROJECT The project comprises the construction of 800 residential units each comprising of 3 bedrooms for Sale off Ojijo road on a subdivision measuring just about 100 acres. 0% to 20% of the 100 acres will be set aside for social amenities. The overall theme of the development would be one of maximizing on the plot use whilst maintaining reasonable individual privacy within a ‘Green Sustainability’ architecture. PHASED CONSTRUCTION In order to ease the impact of the overall cost of the development it is proposed to carry out the construction in phases to be jointly agreed on with the client. Each 1 acre plot will have 9 units. The construction will be phased in 10 phases comprising of 80 units respectively. Each of the phases shall be planned to deliver units that are complete and ready for occupation. This will facilitate pre-selling of some of the units prior to the end of construction. This would be achieved through pro-active networking with property managers and estates officers in large corporations and use of the internet. The foregoing will result in further cushioning of the net effect of the cost of financing the project. In order to enable planning of major infrastructural requirements such as water storage and foul water disposal right from the outset, a master plan of the entire development shall be evolved. Thus the capacity of some of the facilities may initially exceed the needs of the accommodation provided, but this would be done with the full knowledge that the development will grow to fully utilize the facilities provided. Auxiliary features include: †¢ Paved walkways . †¢ Safe gated community neighborhood †¢ Inbuilt car parking’s. †¢ Extra rain-water storage . †¢ Planted landscaped 24-hr. irrigated gardens. †¢ Solar power electrical wiring †¢ A choice of 3 different designs to choose from. The country ambience would further be enhanced by having strategically planted palm trees which would serve the added role of acting as wind breaks. DEVELOPMENT BUDGET The development budget is as follows: 800 ; 3 bedroom maisonettes in 10 blocks each measuring 9 acres. †¢ The development budget includes professional fees 1 Building details †¢Type of houses: 3 bedroom Maisonnettes. †¢Gross floor area per Unit m2: 150m2 †¢Building Cost per m2: 40,000[including external works and consultancy fees] †¢Building Cost Per Unit including External Works, consultancy fees and Land: KES 6,000,000 2 Construction cost breakdown Total Building works[including Infrastructure Electric Fencing]- KES 6,000,000 x 800 = KES 4,800,000,000 3. 00 Land Cost- [100 acres] = KES8,000,000. 0 per acre x 100 acres=800,000,000 OVERALL PROJECT COST INCLUDING LAND= 4,800,000,000. 00 + 800,000,000= KES 5,600,000,000. 00 SALES PROJECTIONS 1. 11 Projected sale price per unit KES 10,000,000. 00 1. 12 Overall sales revenue=800 X 10,000,000= 8,000,000,000. 00 1. 13 Gross anticipated profit =KES 8,000,000,000. 00- KES 5,600,000,000. 00 =KES 2,4 00,000,000. 00 1. 14 Gross profit margin 43% As stated the houses and flats are readily affordable to middle class kenyans going with the current gross growth and hard effort put across striving kenyans to have a place they call home. Also fully furnished rooms will be available for an extra fee as stated in the final agreement if signed depending on the financial capability of the renderer LOCATION Ojijo road is situated 5 minutes drive from Nairobi’s Central Business District and 5 minutes drive from westlands off Thika road. The estate is connected to the mains water supply from the Nairobi Water and also is easily connected to electricity supply from KPLC. Developments in this area are predominantly single family residences. The occupancy is predominantly homeowners. The majority of the buildings here are of high-class standard and are well constructed and maintained. MARKET DESCRIPTION Given the proximity of the site to Nairobi’s CBD, well as the good communication available along Thika road, the site would realize good returns on a single family residential development. The planned development intends to maximize this potential by creating accommodation that is spacious whilst at the same time making optimum use of the space available. At the moment, there are similar developments in this area, consisting of single family maisonettes eg K. U BOMA ESTATE. COMPETITION In the locality of the planned development, there exist several properties which are either owned by the residents or are rental properties. The closest competition perhaps comes from the high-class K. U BOMA Estate and Ngoingwa Estate. SALES PROJECTIONS It is planned that marketing the development for sale shall commence before the construction begins. Consequently it is anticipated that by the time the first block is completed there shall be an inflow of funds that can either be utilized to start construction of the next phase. The sale price for each unit has been set at KES 10,000,000. 00. EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT Ian Shihemi and co-associates will in this provide the client with a full design/build service. This shall include 1. Design and specification Architectural, structural, mechanical and electrical drawings shall be prepared and necessary approvals sought. During the various stages of the design, the client shall be kept fully informed and client approval sought prior to proceeding to the next stage. The engineering design shall be done by registered engineers under the guidance of Shihemi and co-associates. Detailed specifications shall be developed with close consultation with the client. 2. Project estimates Subsequent to completion of the design, a Quantity Surveying firm under the guidance of Ian and associate architects shall undertake construction cost estimates for the project for approval. finally giving the final verdict to , if the project should commence or stop. 3. Preparation of tender and contract documents After final design has been done and client approval obtained, tender documents shall be drawn up for the general and specialist contractors. The specialist contract documents shall be prepared with guidance from the relevant engineers. 4. Tendering Selected contractors shall be invited to tender for the various work packages. We shall then analyze the tenders returned and forward our recommendation to the client. 5. Contract documentation With the contractors having been selected, we shall draw up the required contract documents and enter into contract with the contractors on the client’s behalf. 6. Project management Subsequent to the contracts being signed and mobilization to the site, we shall provide superintendence and project management. This will entail ensuring that the project is brought in on time and under budget by constant monitoring of operations on site and remedying any issues that may prevent timely completion or cause expenditure to exceed the budget. 7. Contract administration We shall handle all matters relating to the various contracts including but not limited to stage payments, performance bonds, extensions of time and relationships between the various trades involved in the project’s execution. 8. Sales and marketing In conjunction with an estate agency approved by the client, we have produced a presentation package to be used in the sales and marketing of the units. PROJECT TIMELINES a) Design to Tender The design to tender process will take a total of 1 month. This will include commissioning of all engineering design, preparation of bills of quantities and obtaining of all relevant approvals for the development. b) Construction Construction of the entire project is estimated to take a maximum of 36 months. How to cite Actuarial Final Year Project, Papers Actuarial Final Year Project Free Essays COMPUTATION MATHEMATICS III PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY ; BUSINESS PLAN ON AN ON GOING PROJECT ON PREMISES ALONG OJIJO ROAD PARKLANDS WESTLANDS COUNTY BY NAMEREG NO PERIS WANJIRU†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. FELIX MAIKO †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. We will write a custom essay sample on Actuarial Final Year Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now LILLIAN REGINA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. OJIJO ROAD ESTATE BUSINESS PLAN ONGOING PROJECT PLAN RESIDENTIAL BY edited by Felix Maiko Peris Wanjiru Lilian Regina abstract OJIJO ROAD ESTATE BUSINESS PLAN AN ONGOING PROJECT PLAN BY Felix Maiko, Peris Wanjiru, Lillian Regina , This compilation consists of the full analysis and financial come actual xpenditure of an on going business project plan along Ojijo road , it is a more ,like we would say sub urban residential area . It was actually a more of a resettlement of the growing population along the old and populated to the brim local estates like the old and good Parklands and Ngara estates . It was majorly accelerated with the ongoing construction of the Thika supper highway that will bring life to the sickly part of the western part of Nairobi city. It is estimated that by the first year of construction 30 % of the city will gain from the supper highway directly or indirectly. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. objective of study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Executive summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Ian Shihemi and associates†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. hase construction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Development Budget†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Sales Projection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Location†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Market Description†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Completion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Sales Projection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Execution of Project†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ design and specification†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ project estimates†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. preparation of tender and contract eals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ tendering†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. project management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. contract administration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Sales and marketing†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Project timelines†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Design for tender†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. construction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. market and sales†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Acknowledgement We would like to thank the entire staff of Ian Shihemi and associates we are extremely grateful to our project coordinator Mr. Wamui and Mr. Njakeez Topali for their support , especially Mr. Peter Octopizzo who assisted us from the beginning to the end of the business project plan and gave guidance and a sense of direction to us. We are very grateful to our lecturer Mr. Nderitu who with all odds barren gave all his time to ensure we got the grip to continue with a computation spirit from the start. Special thanks to my coordinator Ms. Mary who helped me in compilation of my survey report, and all those people (customers) who took time out of their busy schedules and gave us the information, which was essential for the completion of this project. These people have been instrumental in my research and business project work. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The purpose of these business project plan was to determine the rate and response to the idea of constructing sub-urban estate in a less or more developing area. The main objective was to estimate the actual business plan come expenditure and the revenue and profit to be generated from the completion of the actual business plan. The project is ongoing and with our data plan and survey it will foresee the eve of next the 3rd year probably 36 months of hard construction, good engineering and bitter sweet outcomes. Description and budget estimates are done and showed out clearly. . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a project proposal for the construction of a high class residential estate comprising of 800 Maisonettes on a parcel of land situated along Ojijo road off Thika road, Parklands. The project has been conceived, designed and will be implemented by Ian and co-associates architects. The estimated development cost for the project is KES 5,600,000,000. 00 by calculations and precise figure. The project completion period shall take 12 months from ground breaking to hand over. Sales for 800 Units @ KES 10,000,000 will be in the range of KES 8,000,000,000. 00 Returns shall be in the range of KES 2,400,000,000. 00 with gross profits falling in the range of 43% percent. Ian Shihemi and co-associate architects Ian Shihemi and co-associate architects is a dynamic property consulting company specializing in providing a one-stop service for the management and development of a variety of property development projects. It provides its clients, who may be property owners, developers or tenants, with the expertise to guide a project through the complex development process from concept through to building completion. Depending on the requirements of their client, Ian and architects can provide a full or partial consulting service. The company’s involvement can vary from sourcing suitable sites, arranging local authority approvals, managing the professional team or providing a complete project management service. The principals behind the firm have several years experience in designing and managing to completion several projects of various natures. THE PROJECT The project comprises the construction of 800 residential units each comprising of 3 bedrooms for Sale off Ojijo road on a subdivision measuring just about 100 acres. 0% to 20% of the 100 acres will be set aside for social amenities. The overall theme of the development would be one of maximizing on the plot use whilst maintaining reasonable individual privacy within a ‘Green Sustainability’ architecture. PHASED CONSTRUCTION In order to ease the impact of the overall cost of the development it is proposed to carry out the construction in phases to be jointly agreed on with the client. Each 1 acre plot will have 9 units. The construction will be phased in 10 phases comprising of 80 units respectively. Each of the phases shall be planned to deliver units that are complete and ready for occupation. This will facilitate pre-selling of some of the units prior to the end of construction. This would be achieved through pro-active networking with property managers and estates officers in large corporations and use of the internet. The foregoing will result in further cushioning of the net effect of the cost of financing the project. In order to enable planning of major infrastructural requirements such as water storage and foul water disposal right from the outset, a master plan of the entire development shall be evolved. Thus the capacity of some of the facilities may initially exceed the needs of the accommodation provided, but this would be done with the full knowledge that the development will grow to fully utilize the facilities provided. Auxiliary features include: †¢ Paved walkways . †¢ Safe gated community neighborhood †¢ Inbuilt car parking’s. †¢ Extra rain-water storage . †¢ Planted landscaped 24-hr. irrigated gardens. †¢ Solar power electrical wiring †¢ A choice of 3 different designs to choose from. The country ambience would further be enhanced by having strategically planted palm trees which would serve the added role of acting as wind breaks. DEVELOPMENT BUDGET The development budget is as follows: 800 ; 3 bedroom maisonettes in 10 blocks each measuring 9 acres. †¢ The development budget includes professional fees 1 Building details †¢Type of houses: 3 bedroom Maisonnettes. †¢Gross floor area per Unit m2: 150m2 †¢Building Cost per m2: 40,000[including external works and consultancy fees] †¢Building Cost Per Unit including External Works, consultancy fees and Land: KES 6,000,000 2 Construction cost breakdown Total Building works[including Infrastructure Electric Fencing]- KES 6,000,000 x 800 = KES 4,800,000,000 3. 00 Land Cost- [100 acres] = KES8,000,000. 0 per acre x 100 acres=800,000,000 OVERALL PROJECT COST INCLUDING LAND= 4,800,000,000. 00 + 800,000,000= KES 5,600,000,000. 00 SALES PROJECTIONS 1. 11 Projected sale price per unit KES 10,000,000. 00 1. 12 Overall sales revenue=800 X 10,000,000= 8,000,000,000. 00 1. 13 Gross anticipated profit =KES 8,000,000,000. 00- KES 5,600,000,000. 00 =KES 2,4 00,000,000. 00 1. 14 Gross profit margin 43% As stated the houses and flats are readily affordable to middle class kenyans going with the current gross growth and hard effort put across striving kenyans to have a place they call home. Also fully furnished rooms will be available for an extra fee as stated in the final agreement if signed depending on the financial capability of the renderer LOCATION Ojijo road is situated 5 minutes drive from Nairobi’s Central Business District and 5 minutes drive from westlands off Thika road. The estate is connected to the mains water supply from the Nairobi Water and also is easily connected to electricity supply from KPLC. Developments in this area are predominantly single family residences. The occupancy is predominantly homeowners. The majority of the buildings here are of high-class standard and are well constructed and maintained. MARKET DESCRIPTION Given the proximity of the site to Nairobi’s CBD, well as the good communication available along Thika road, the site would realize good returns on a single family residential development. The planned development intends to maximize this potential by creating accommodation that is spacious whilst at the same time making optimum use of the space available. At the moment, there are similar developments in this area, consisting of single family maisonettes eg K. U BOMA ESTATE. COMPETITION In the locality of the planned development, there exist several properties which are either owned by the residents or are rental properties. The closest competition perhaps comes from the high-class K. U BOMA Estate and Ngoingwa Estate. SALES PROJECTIONS It is planned that marketing the development for sale shall commence before the construction begins. Consequently it is anticipated that by the time the first block is completed there shall be an inflow of funds that can either be utilized to start construction of the next phase. The sale price for each unit has been set at KES 10,000,000. 00. EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT Ian Shihemi and co-associates will in this provide the client with a full design/build service. This shall include 1. Design and specification Architectural, structural, mechanical and electrical drawings shall be prepared and necessary approvals sought. During the various stages of the design, the client shall be kept fully informed and client approval sought prior to proceeding to the next stage. The engineering design shall be done by registered engineers under the guidance of Shihemi and co-associates. Detailed specifications shall be developed with close consultation with the client. 2. Project estimates Subsequent to completion of the design, a Quantity Surveying firm under the guidance of Ian and associate architects shall undertake construction cost estimates for the project for approval. finally giving the final verdict to , if the project should commence or stop. 3. Preparation of tender and contract documents After final design has been done and client approval obtained, tender documents shall be drawn up for the general and specialist contractors. The specialist contract documents shall be prepared with guidance from the relevant engineers. 4. Tendering Selected contractors shall be invited to tender for the various work packages. We shall then analyze the tenders returned and forward our recommendation to the client. 5. Contract documentation With the contractors having been selected, we shall draw up the required contract documents and enter into contract with the contractors on the client’s behalf. 6. Project management Subsequent to the contracts being signed and mobilization to the site, we shall provide superintendence and project management. This will entail ensuring that the project is brought in on time and under budget by constant monitoring of operations on site and remedying any issues that may prevent timely completion or cause expenditure to exceed the budget. 7. Contract administration We shall handle all matters relating to the various contracts including but not limited to stage payments, performance bonds, extensions of time and relationships between the various trades involved in the project’s execution. 8. Sales and marketing In conjunction with an estate agency approved by the client, we have produced a presentation package to be used in the sales and marketing of the units. PROJECT TIMELINES a) Design to Tender The design to tender process will take a total of 1 month. This will include commissioning of all engineering design, preparation of bills of quantities and obtaining of all relevant approvals for the development. b) Construction Construction of the entire project is estimated to take a maximum of 36 months. How to cite Actuarial Final Year Project, Essay examples